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Nic site
The ''nic'' site or nick region is found within the origin of transfer (''oriT'') site and is a key in starting bacterial conjugation.()
== Purpose ==
A single strand of DNA, called the T-strand, is cut at ''nic'' by an enzyme called relaxase.〔Lanka Erich, Wilkins Brian M (1995). “DNA Processing Reactions in Bacterial Conjugation.” Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64: 141-69〕 This single strand is eventually transferred to the recipient cell during the process of bacterial conjugation. Before this cleavage can occur, however, it is necessary for a group of proteins to attach to the ''oriT'' site. This group of proteins is called the relaxosome.〔 It is thought that portions of the ''oriT'' site are bent in a way that creates interaction between the relaxosome proteins and the ''nic'' site.〔
Cleaving the T-strand involves relaxase cutting a phosphodiester bond at the nic site.〔 Interestingly, the cleaved strand is left with a hydroxyl group at the 3' end, which may allow for the strand to form a circular plasmid after moving into the recipient cell.〔Matson S W, Nelson W C, Morton B S (1993). "Characterization of the Reaction Product of the oriT Nicking Reaction Catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA helicase I." Journal of Bacteriology. 175(9): 2599-2606.〕〔Grohmann E, Muth G, Espinosa M (2003). "Conjugative Plasmid Transfer in Gram-positive Bacteria." Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 67(2):277-301.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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